Statement on Potentially Harmful Content

Content Provenance and Sources

The Karangantu Junction compiles bibliographic metadata of archives, manuscripts, and cultural artifacts related to Banten from various eras and sources for academic, research, and open learning purposes.

Characteristics of Content

Some materials available in this catalog may contain texts, images, or perspectives that are outdated, biased, potentially offensive, or carry discriminatory narratives arising from past socio-political situations or systemic intolerance. Furthermore, our collection includes documents from colonial eras or past historical conflicts preserved strictly for their historical significance, not to legitimize such narratives today.

Certain items within this collection may:

• Reflect colonial, imperialist, or past supremacist ideologies that contain racist, sexist, xenophobic, or demeaning attitudes toward specific groups.
• Contain archaic terminology that is biased or insensitive to diversity in gender, beliefs/religion, disability conditions, and minority groups.
• Display graphic visual documentation of past events, such as the impacts of war or conflict, colonial-era photography, or past customary legal practices.
• Include ancient manuscripts that may cause misinterpretation if read outside an academic context.
• Contain content related to indigenous peoples or local communities that require a highly cautious curatorial approach to respect customary traditions or the sacredness of the texts.

Metadata Description and Terminology Policy

The terms used in the document description fields (metadata) derive from several sources:

• Past Contemporary Language: Original descriptions attached to documents when first archived, utilizing language that was accepted at the time but is now deemed unethical.
• Creator/Original Owner Language: Direct quotations from original documents maintained to preserve primary historical context, despite containing subjective prejudices.
• Catalog Standardization: Standardized subject indexing systems, where some terminology may be outdated, offensive, or sensitive. We acknowledge historical limitations wherein certain communities in the past lacked control over how they were represented and described in historical records.

Inclusive Context

To present a fair and inclusive context, the catalog undertakes the following steps:

• Including contextual notes or content warnings on items deemed highly sensitive to help researchers understand the background of the documents.
• Regularly updating descriptive metadata by incorporating more inclusive and scholarly terms, without erasing the original historical text markers.
• Applying the values of moderation, inclusiveness, and scholarly accessibility.

Romanization Standard

This catalog employs the Library of Congress standard for the romanization of Arabic and Jawi-Pegon scripts to standardize the transliteration of Jawi and Pegon texts into Latin script.

Jawi-Pegon Romanization Table (2012 version)

Letters of the Alphabet

Vowels and Diphthongs

Notes:

1. For the use of alif see rules 3-5.
2. Letters in the romanization column marked with an asterisk (*) represent the romanized value of the equivalent Jawi letter when it occurs in Arabic words (not Arabic loan words). The letter not designated with an asterisk represents the proper romanization value for the letter when it occurs in Malay words. The boundary between words that are Arabic loans and those that are foreign Arabic terms used in Malay context is not always easy to draw. Common usage for the types of literature in which such words appear should always be followed.
3. Jawi letters typically found only in Arabic and Arabic loan words.
4. Some words of Arabic origin with the letter ظ have come into the language with the equivalent l (e.g., lahir), others with the equivalent z (e.g., zalim).
5. The letter ف is often used as a shorthand way of writing ڤ. When this is clearly the case, the letter ف should be romanized as p.
6. On و (wau), see rules 6 and 8b.
7. On ي (yad), see rules 7 and 8b.
8. The letters ڎ and ڟ are used for Javanese and Sundanese transliterations.

Rules of Application:

1. Jawi orthography is far from standard, particularly in handwritten documents. Nevertheless, for the purposes of cataloging, it is essential to standardize the romanized form of every lexeme. Two widely accepted standards for writing Malay in the Latin script exist: the Indonesian and the Malaysian. In this table, the Indonesian standard, referred to as Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan, has been employed.
2. Arabic words (not Arabic loan words) appearing in a Malay text are analogous to French words and expressions in a Russian novel or Latin phrases in a Catholic theology text, and their distinctness should be preserved by transliterating them in accordance with the rules governing the romanization of the relevant language, Arabic or Malay. Malay words of Arabic origin whose orthography is the same as the Arabic might therefore be romanized differently at different points in the same text. Thus the word قدوس will be romanized kudus when it appears as a Malay word, but qudūs when it is used as an Arabic term or in an Arabic phrase.
3. ا (alif), و (wau), and ي (yad) are used to support ء (hamzah); when so used these letters are not represented in romanization. See rule 8b.
4. At the beginning of a word, alif represents an initial vowel or diphthong and is romanized accordingly as a, e, i, u, o (او), au (او), e (ايـ), or ai (ايـ). Following a consonant, alif represents the vowel romanized as a.
5. The optional alif gantung (for example, in the word تیـڠٰ), when used, does not change the romanized form of the word.
6. The letter و (wau) is used: (a) to represent the consonant romanized as w; (b) to represent the vowels and diphthong romanized as u, o, and au; and (c) to support ء (hamzah) (see rule 8b).
7. The letter ي (yad) is used: (a) to represent the consonant romanized as y; (b) to represent the vowels and diphthong romanized as i, e, and ai; and (c) to support ء (hamzah) (see rule 8b).
8. ء (hamzah)
   • In Arabic words, and most Arabic loans where it is found, hamzah is romanized according to the rules for Arabic (including use of the non-alphabetic mark ʼ (alif)).
   • Hamzah used to separate contiguous vowels, supported by ا, or و, or ي, is not represented in romanization (for example, lain ن◌ٴ لاي, laut لاؤت, permintaan ڤرمنتأن).
   • Hamzah replacing initial alif in vowel-initial words to which the prefix ke- or se- has been attached is represented by the vowel value that it elided (keenam كئنم, seindah سئنده, seorang سئورڠ).
   • A hamzah used after the reduplicating numeral 2 in vowel-final roots followed by the suffixes -an or -i is not represented in romanization.
   • The occasional use of hamzah to represent a word-final glottal stop (for example, تيداء) is romanized as k.
9. Words doubled with the number 2 should be written out in full (for example, mata-mata ٢مات). When the root word ends in a consonant such that an appended -an or -i suffix must reduplicate the final consonant, the doubled consonant is not represented in the romanization (for example: rumput-rumputan تن٢رمڤت).
10. In cases where the postpositive itu or prepositive yang are joined to the preceding or following word, they should be romanized as separate words.
11. Alif maqsūrah, waṣlah, maddah, shaddah, and tanwīn are not commonly used in Jawi script except in Arabic words or phrases. If they do not appear as adornment on Malay words, they are not represented in the romanization. Ta marbutah, romanized as t, is not properly a Jawi script character either, but sometimes it may be found in Malay texts.